maize weevil control

Resultant data was subjected to analysis of variance. * Investigate the possible causes and how to eliminate and/or minimize maize spoilage on barrel walls. Probit analysis. It has been proved that azadirachtin disrupts or inhibits development of insect eggs, larvae or pupae, preventing the moulting of larvae or nymphs, disrupting mating and sexual communication, deterring females from laying eggs, sterilising adults, poisoning larvae, thus preventing adult maturation by inhibiting the formation of chitin, the essential substance for the insect to form an exoskeleton [6, 10, 21, 22]. Conidia can then infect the insects. Saeed suggests that future research based on his trial should include developing packaging and distribution systems for his formulation aimed primarily at cash-strapped small-scale farmers in Africa’s rural areas. Siwale J, Mbata K, Mcrobert J, Lungu D. Comparative resistance of improved maize genotypes and landraces to maize weevil.

Article  The different approaches which were studied to control the maize weevils included: evaluation of hermetic maize storage for smallholder farmers, effect of blending maize kernels with amaranth during storage on maize weevil mortality, and effect of storage containers physical disturbance on maize weevil mortality. Barrek S, Olivier P, Grenier-Loustalot MF. From the dosages of 1.5 g/kg in CLH103 and 3 g/kg in CMS8501, the populations of the weevil were completely suppressed as in Malagrain. Influence of azadirachtin, on insect nutrition and reproduction. Future trials and distribution $${\text{Reproduction inhibition rate}} \,(\% ) = \frac{{( {{\text{CN}} - {\text{TN}}} )}}{\text{CN}} \times 100$$, $$\begin{aligned} & {\text{Grain weight loss}}\, ( \% ) \\ & \quad= \left[ {\frac{{ ( {{\text{Wu}} \times {\text{Nd}}} ) - ( {{\text{Wd}} \times {\text{Nu}}} )}}{{{\text{Wu}}\, ( {\text{Nd}} + {\text{Nu}})}}} \right] \times 100 \end{aligned}$$, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-015-0039-z, visalatchi.irudhayanathan@springernature.com.

Article  Overall, control is similar to that recommended for the rice weevil (see Fact Sheet no. USA: American Association of Cereal Chemists; 1978. p. 83–95. Cookies policy. However, the product seems to have protected CLH103 and CMS8501 varieties more than SHABA.

Previous studies had confirmed effectiveness of ground powder derived from these plants in control of maize weevil in western Kenya (Ogendo et al., 2004a, Ogendo et al., 2004b). It then pupates for five days before emerging as an adult. Grain losses in Africa during the storage period can range from 10% to 90%. The product completely inhibited F1 progeny production at 3 g/kg [13]. CULTURAL CONTROL It is most important to dry the grain properly, to keep the storage area clean, and to monitor the grain often and regularly.

The first of a series of three boxes did not receive the B. bassiana strain formulation; the second received 1g of the formulation per kilogram of maize grain; the third series received a 2g formulation/ kg maize grain; the fourth, a 3g formulation/kg maize grain; and the fifth, a 4g formulation/kg maize grain. Higher concentration levels roughly achieved complete suppression of progeny emergence in the three maize varieties. Authors thank Dr. Hubertus Kleeberg of Trifolio-M GmbH, Germany for providing NeemPro® powder used in this study. NeemPro® generally caused significant reduction in progeny production relative to the control, which was dose dependent (Table 3).

There were also other cultural methods applied, such as use of smoke and insecticidal plants. On the 14 days post-infestation, where treatments were kept undisturbed for oviposition since the first day of the infestation, all insects were removed and the different jars containing grains were kept under the same experimental conditions (T = 22.6–25.6 °C and RH = 72.5–80 %). Calling women entrepreneurs in agriculture! Conversely, maize experiences post-harvest losses (PHLS) especially from the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), which if minimized, could help to reduce the number of hungry people in the world that is about 870 million people and majority (850 million people) being in developing countries. Mordue AJ, Blackwell A. Azadirachtin: an update. “An egg hatches after five days, and the larva spends 25 days feeding on the grain. SAS Institute, Cary; 2003. PubMed  CAS  Home Saeed counted an average of 340 maize weevils/500g maize grain not treated with the B. bassiana and kaolin formulation. This may be due to the moisture content of SHABA which was 13.20 against 11.30 and 11.50 for CLH103, CMS8501, respectively. The animals were divided into two treatment groups (insect-infested diet and an untreated diet as the control). These spores germinate inside the insect, ultimately killing it. Storing maize in unshelled form seemed to result in less pest attack, although majority of the respondents stored their maize in shelled form. October 25, 2017 at 1:02 pm Protecting stored grain from insect pests is essential for Africa’s future food security. The respondents decried lack of training and extension services on storage pests and their management, underscoring the need to develop extension services. For untreated control, neither NeemPro® nor Malagrain was used. A lot of 30 adult insects of mixed sexes (7–14 days old) were introduced into each jar of each maize variety grain including treated and untreated controls. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Grain losses: a major problem in Africa Google Scholar. Maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais; another view of the four (very) faint, reddish spots at the corner of the wing case. * Investigate how long it takes for a female maize weevil to bore through a kernel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of NeemPro® against the maize weevil on three maize varieties in the laboratory and the effect of the insecticide on seed germination. et al. Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons, This repository is part of the Iowa Research Commons, Home | 1925;18:265–7. Use of resistant varieties is the best approach to overcoming the problems of synthetic insecticides in weevil control. Nukenine EN, Tofel HK, Adler C. Comparative efficacy of NeemAzal and local botanicals derived from Azadirachta indica and Plectranthus glandulosus against Sitophilus zeamais on maize. The SAS system version 9.1 for windows. Google Scholar. Part of

It also scours away the adult maize weevils’ protective epidermal wax. LC50 of NeemPro® at 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment against adult Sitophilus zeamais on grains of three maize varieties under laboratory conditions, LC95 of NeemPro® at 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment against adult Sitophilus zeamais on grains of three maize varieties under laboratory conditions. The moisture content of the grains was 11.30, 11.50 and 13.20 for CLH103, CMS8501 and SHABA, respectively. SPYD wrote the manuscript. Danga, S.P.Y., Nukenine, E.N., Fotso, G.T. as control treatment. Saeed was intrigued by the potential of using B. bassiana to tackle maize weevils in grain storage facilities, in particular, for small-scale African farmers.


1993;22:433–49. However, due to environmental concerns and human health hazards of chemical insecticides, plant materials with insecticidal properties remain one of the most important locally available, biodegradable and inexpensive methods for the control of pests of stored products [4, 5]. The T and RH data were registered each 2 h from the beginning of the weevils rearing to the end of the experiments. Use of resistant varieties is the best approach to overcoming the problems of synthetic insecticides in weevil control. Within 1 day of exposure, adult weevils exposed to Malagrain were dead and that was on the three maize varieties. This insecticide, not only kills the adult weevils, but also affects their progeny production.

Cite this article. 14083. About | Control measures are dependent on the species, as timing is usually a key component in all control measures. Schmutterer H. Properties and potential of natural pesticides from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica. In sub-tropical and tropical regions, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the main pest of stored maize grain [1]. These tests will help determine if the proposed methods are feasible. In the treated control, 0.025 g of Malagrain was introduced in 50 g grains of each maize variety (0.5 g/kg, recommended dose). Life history of immature maize weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on corn stored at constant temperatures and relative humidities in the laboratory. Maize, being an important agricultural crop and among the three most widely grown in the world, plays an important role in the livelihood of smallholder farmers contributing 34-36% daily calorific intake in East Africa and 10% in West Africa.

The overall conclusion is that there are effective low-cost ways to control maize weevils by hermetic storage, physical disturbance and blending maize with amaranth during storage. 2003;84:1459–64. zeamais is a key pest of stored maize causing serious economic damage. Sitophilus zeamais (Maize Weevil) Each of these species varies considerably in size but has a distinctive elongated snout which is adapted to the size of its preferred grain. However, this is the first report of the same product in the protection of stored grains of three maize varieties, the most cultivated ones in Cameroon, against the infestation of S. zeamais. Malagrain DP 5 (5 % Malathion) was purchased from an agric-products shop at Ngaoundere, Cameroon. Maize weevils have fully developed wings capable of flying whenever the notion strikes. By Lloyd Phillips. This experiment may lead to hermetic and maize-amaranth mixture methods being used together by smallholder farmers to eliminate and/or mimimize weevils while experiencing no mold maize in metallic storage containers. Karnavar GK. The percentage of grain weight loss was calculated by using the count-and-weigh method [17]. Its life cycle begins with the female chewing holes in the grain, then laying a single egg in each hole and sealing the hole with a plug of mucus.
This extra layer will reduce and/or eliminate the maize kernels that were available during our experiment.

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