It didn’t matter where I went—a library, hotel lobby, or coffee shop—I was greeted warmly, identified almost immediately as an out-of-towner (yes, it’s that obvious) and, upon describing my project, was privy to boundless enthusiasm and a flurry of tips and anecdotes. (If his will was written prior to emancipation, she would be listed among his inventory if she was still with him at the time). "Oh, but you'll find her eventually," Lawson quickly followed up. Patsey was an African-American slave who lived in the mid 19th century. This is lowcountry, where soybeans, corn, and sugar cane are produced in sprawling fields, homesteads perched aside them neatly. The description of the scene resonated with readers, and was often cited in newspaper reviews of the book at the time; it provides the devastating emotional climax of the movie 12 Years a Slave, as well. Have I simply been circling the truth of what happened to her, wading through the muck of missing links and leads pointing me in wayward directions? [5], Patsey was often whipped and had many scars on her back. As master of her own body and mind.

In his book, Northup wrote that Mary tried to bribe other workers and slaves to kill Patsey and dump her body in the swamps, but no one would. Henry C. Devendorf, a Union officer from upstate New York, told how he encountered a slave named Bob near Bayou Boeuf. One hundred sixty-one years later, Northup's account of his kidnapping and time as a slave on Edwin Epps's Louisiana plantation has been authenticated by scholars with annotated versions of Northup’s book, supplemental textbooks and articles detailing his life. Using all these factors as a guide, it’s safe to estimate that she was born around 1830 in South Carolina. She is forced into labor, picking cotton from plants but is aided by our hero, Solomon Northup, who convinces her not to give in to despair. “Her back bore the scars of a thousand stripes; not because she was backward in her work, nor because she was of an unmindful and rebellious spirit, but because it had fallen to her lot to be the slave of a licentious master and a jealous mistress,” Northup describes. Solomon Northup, (born July 10, 1807, Schroon [now Minerva], New York, U.S.—died after 1857), American farmer, labourer, and musician whose experience of being kidnapped and sold into slavery was the basis for his book Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup, a Citizen of New York, Kidnapped in Washington City in 1841, and Rescued in 1853, from a Cotton Plantation near the Red …

Instead of the correct direct left from my hotel to the highway, I was driven in a senseless detour through a circular snarl of back roads. A thousand times she had heard that somewhere in the distant North there were no slaves—no masters.” This makes it possible to consider she sought help through outside means. That impact can be even more significant for African-Americans,” he says. There's nothing quite like it.".

Northup writes, “Such lightning-like motion was in her fingers as no other fingers ever possessed, and therefore it was, that in cotton picking time, Patsey was queen of the field.” Despite that, she suffered incalculable emotional and physical abuse at the hands of Epps and his wife, Mary. There are accounts of slaves dying, literally, of repeated abuse from a psychological standpoint. Will be used in accordance with our Privacy Policy. Epps was an overseer on the Oakland Plantation, near Alexandria, patented by Williams, and he was given the slaves as payment for his wages in that role. The laws specifically were written to protect the institution of slavery.” This also means that if a slave died on an owner’s plantation, they were not required to report the death and could choose where and how the body was to be interred—on their own property, in a cemetery, or elsewhere. Her mother was then sold to a family named Buford in the Southern region of the United States. . . de Lord, de Lord!

Records were not created for genealogical purposes; they were not created for historical purposes. I still desperately want to know what happened to Patsey.

Their eyes widened as I described the ordeal between twists and cracks of the spice-covered red crustaceans, recounting the local flair of the street names (Catfish Kitchen Road! When a free black man named Solomon Northup was rescued from 12 years of bondage in January of 1853, a fellow slave, a young woman named Patsey, called after him tearfully.

Those who left their former owners were sometimes assumed their master’s surname, if they didn't already have one (this is how Solomon’s father, Mintus Northup, received his last name, as it happens). It was a goose-bump-inducing moment, and remains a perfect metaphor for my dually frustrating and elating pursuit of Patsey.

Patsey is a feisty, strong-willed slave who works under the thumb of her cruel master, Edwin Epps, who deems her to be an object. I happened upon it while attempting to piece together Patsey-centric locations of the Northup Trail in preparation for my trip to Louisiana, and the two of us became fast friends. Master Epps was so enraged upon her return that she was immediately staked to the ground, and Northup was ordered to whip her. The GPS navigated my near peril for 20 minutes—atop rickety one-lane wooden bridges, through flooded slopes—until it finally, mercifully, directed me onto a paved street. It is an incredible amount of work.”, Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr., whose PBS genealogy television show Finding Your Roots enlists well-known personalities to explore genealogy, calls genealogical research “another way of doing American History. In 12 Years a Slave, Northup cites Patsey as “the offspring of a ‘Guinea nigger,’ brought over to Cuba in a slave ship, and in the course of trade transferred to Buford, who was her mother’s owner.” That owner, said in the book to be James Buford (more likely named William J. Buford, according to 1830 and 1840 census records from Williamsburg County that I found), is said to have fallen upon hard times and sold her, along with a group of others, to Archibald P. Williams of Rapides Parish, Louisiana, near Alexandria. He almost certainly didn’t travel back to Louisiana (Underground Railroad agents rarely operated in the Deep South), but that doesn’t mean he couldn’t have helped engineer Patsey’s rescue from up North. When Epps found out she had left his plantation, he had her tied to a stake and ordered Solomon to whip her. Or did she remain in Louisiana? Bob was one of Epps' slaves, and the New York soldiers had a chance to converse with him, and confirmed that Epps was his master, and that he had known Northup. The Louisiana welcome is a deep, cozy rabbit hole—I’m not entirely sure I’ve yet dug my way out. Though Northup’s ultimate fate is also unknown (he disappeared in the early 1860s), scholars have unearthed persuasive evidence that he was part of the Underground Railroad. The earliest record of Patsey as a slave is in 1843, when she was 13. It’s an area deeply steeped in its history, and its residents are fiercely protective of that fact. I took a right and—drove past my hotel.

If Patsey died of disease, fatigue, or abuse before 1864, there’d be no record of it. Was she secreted away by members of the Underground Railroad?

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solomon northup patsey

Lupita Nyong’o as Patsey in 12 Years a Slave. (The issue of the Mexico Independent that has Devendorf's letter is available as part of an online collection of New York State historical newspapers. Permanent work with the Underground Railroad could also corroborate Northup’s disappearance, as joining meant separation from his life in upstate New York, and almost certain anonymity. From Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup, a Citizen of New-York, Kidnapped in Washington City in 1841, and Rescued in 1853. The investigation has unearthed two new theories for every one posed, protruding from the murk of research like so many cypress knees lining Louisiana’s bayous. From the awards race to the box office, with everything in between: get the entertainment industry's must-read newsletter. The book was later adapted into a film, in which she was portrayed by Lupita Nyong'o, who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance. (The 1850 and 1860 schedules are seen here side by side) There is an entry for a 34-year-old female, who could possibly be Patsey (again accounting for the license used with recording of ages on these records). She is forced into labor, picking cotton from plants but is aided by our hero, Solomon Northup, who convinces her not to give in to despair.

The most likely possibility was found within a search for a Patsey Epps born around 1830 in South Carolina (keeping in mind that spelling and ages on these documents are flexible), wherein I pulled a 1900 U.S. Census listing for a 70-year-old Patsy Epps born in South Carolina and living in Washington, Mississippi—about two hours north of Edwin Epps’s plantation.

I want to believe she was able to survive, to prevail, and then to thrive on her own. Conveyance papers from Williams to Epps for the group no longer exist, as the Rapides courthouse was burned by Northern soldiers in 1864, destroying almost all records (not an uncommon scenario during the Civil War). Last year's big-screen adaptation of his narrative, 12 Years a Slave, is currently nominated for nine Academy Awards—including a best supporting actress nod for the woman who plays Patsey, Lupita Nyong’o. what'll become of me?" This one came from John Lawson, local historian and patron of the Alexandria Genealogical Library —a space flush with resources and rife with knowledgeable volunteers, all of whom have a passion for the subject. “There was not a uniform standard or rule as far as burying slaves,” says Stacey. It was pouring rain—so, naturally, the G.P.S. And this brings us back to Melançon’s idea that Patsey would “get the heck outta there” after emancipation, and some theories about where she may have gone. I came across one record of a “Patsy Buford” in the 1910 U.S. Census from Flat Rock, Kershaw, South Carolina.

It didn’t matter where I went—a library, hotel lobby, or coffee shop—I was greeted warmly, identified almost immediately as an out-of-towner (yes, it’s that obvious) and, upon describing my project, was privy to boundless enthusiasm and a flurry of tips and anecdotes. (If his will was written prior to emancipation, she would be listed among his inventory if she was still with him at the time). "Oh, but you'll find her eventually," Lawson quickly followed up. Patsey was an African-American slave who lived in the mid 19th century. This is lowcountry, where soybeans, corn, and sugar cane are produced in sprawling fields, homesteads perched aside them neatly. The description of the scene resonated with readers, and was often cited in newspaper reviews of the book at the time; it provides the devastating emotional climax of the movie 12 Years a Slave, as well. Have I simply been circling the truth of what happened to her, wading through the muck of missing links and leads pointing me in wayward directions? [5], Patsey was often whipped and had many scars on her back. As master of her own body and mind.

In his book, Northup wrote that Mary tried to bribe other workers and slaves to kill Patsey and dump her body in the swamps, but no one would. Henry C. Devendorf, a Union officer from upstate New York, told how he encountered a slave named Bob near Bayou Boeuf. One hundred sixty-one years later, Northup's account of his kidnapping and time as a slave on Edwin Epps's Louisiana plantation has been authenticated by scholars with annotated versions of Northup’s book, supplemental textbooks and articles detailing his life. Using all these factors as a guide, it’s safe to estimate that she was born around 1830 in South Carolina. She is forced into labor, picking cotton from plants but is aided by our hero, Solomon Northup, who convinces her not to give in to despair. “Her back bore the scars of a thousand stripes; not because she was backward in her work, nor because she was of an unmindful and rebellious spirit, but because it had fallen to her lot to be the slave of a licentious master and a jealous mistress,” Northup describes. Solomon Northup, (born July 10, 1807, Schroon [now Minerva], New York, U.S.—died after 1857), American farmer, labourer, and musician whose experience of being kidnapped and sold into slavery was the basis for his book Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup, a Citizen of New York, Kidnapped in Washington City in 1841, and Rescued in 1853, from a Cotton Plantation near the Red …

Instead of the correct direct left from my hotel to the highway, I was driven in a senseless detour through a circular snarl of back roads. A thousand times she had heard that somewhere in the distant North there were no slaves—no masters.” This makes it possible to consider she sought help through outside means. That impact can be even more significant for African-Americans,” he says. There's nothing quite like it.".

Northup writes, “Such lightning-like motion was in her fingers as no other fingers ever possessed, and therefore it was, that in cotton picking time, Patsey was queen of the field.” Despite that, she suffered incalculable emotional and physical abuse at the hands of Epps and his wife, Mary. There are accounts of slaves dying, literally, of repeated abuse from a psychological standpoint. Will be used in accordance with our Privacy Policy. Epps was an overseer on the Oakland Plantation, near Alexandria, patented by Williams, and he was given the slaves as payment for his wages in that role. The laws specifically were written to protect the institution of slavery.” This also means that if a slave died on an owner’s plantation, they were not required to report the death and could choose where and how the body was to be interred—on their own property, in a cemetery, or elsewhere. Her mother was then sold to a family named Buford in the Southern region of the United States. . . de Lord, de Lord!

Records were not created for genealogical purposes; they were not created for historical purposes. I still desperately want to know what happened to Patsey.

Their eyes widened as I described the ordeal between twists and cracks of the spice-covered red crustaceans, recounting the local flair of the street names (Catfish Kitchen Road! When a free black man named Solomon Northup was rescued from 12 years of bondage in January of 1853, a fellow slave, a young woman named Patsey, called after him tearfully.

Those who left their former owners were sometimes assumed their master’s surname, if they didn't already have one (this is how Solomon’s father, Mintus Northup, received his last name, as it happens). It was a goose-bump-inducing moment, and remains a perfect metaphor for my dually frustrating and elating pursuit of Patsey.

Patsey is a feisty, strong-willed slave who works under the thumb of her cruel master, Edwin Epps, who deems her to be an object. I happened upon it while attempting to piece together Patsey-centric locations of the Northup Trail in preparation for my trip to Louisiana, and the two of us became fast friends. Master Epps was so enraged upon her return that she was immediately staked to the ground, and Northup was ordered to whip her. The GPS navigated my near peril for 20 minutes—atop rickety one-lane wooden bridges, through flooded slopes—until it finally, mercifully, directed me onto a paved street. It is an incredible amount of work.”, Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr., whose PBS genealogy television show Finding Your Roots enlists well-known personalities to explore genealogy, calls genealogical research “another way of doing American History. In 12 Years a Slave, Northup cites Patsey as “the offspring of a ‘Guinea nigger,’ brought over to Cuba in a slave ship, and in the course of trade transferred to Buford, who was her mother’s owner.” That owner, said in the book to be James Buford (more likely named William J. Buford, according to 1830 and 1840 census records from Williamsburg County that I found), is said to have fallen upon hard times and sold her, along with a group of others, to Archibald P. Williams of Rapides Parish, Louisiana, near Alexandria. He almost certainly didn’t travel back to Louisiana (Underground Railroad agents rarely operated in the Deep South), but that doesn’t mean he couldn’t have helped engineer Patsey’s rescue from up North. When Epps found out she had left his plantation, he had her tied to a stake and ordered Solomon to whip her. Or did she remain in Louisiana? Bob was one of Epps' slaves, and the New York soldiers had a chance to converse with him, and confirmed that Epps was his master, and that he had known Northup. The Louisiana welcome is a deep, cozy rabbit hole—I’m not entirely sure I’ve yet dug my way out. Though Northup’s ultimate fate is also unknown (he disappeared in the early 1860s), scholars have unearthed persuasive evidence that he was part of the Underground Railroad. The earliest record of Patsey as a slave is in 1843, when she was 13. It’s an area deeply steeped in its history, and its residents are fiercely protective of that fact. I took a right and—drove past my hotel.

If Patsey died of disease, fatigue, or abuse before 1864, there’d be no record of it. Was she secreted away by members of the Underground Railroad?

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