thermodynamics class 11 physics formulas

Its efficiency is independent of the working substance and is given by, η=1-T2/T1 where T1 is the temperature of source and T2 is the temperature of sink. Here are formulas of quantities in relativistic dynamics. Similary, a mixture of petrol vapour and air, when ignited by a spark is not an equilibrium state. In Physics, thermodynamics deals with temperature, heat and their relation to energy, radiation, work, and properties of matter.

(ii) Surroundings The part of universe other than the system is known as surroundings. The energy required to break the particular bond in a gaseous molecule is called bond dissociation enthalpy. It is impossible to transfer heat from a lower temperature body to a higher temperature body without use of an extemal agency. In case of a closed electrical circuit with applied voltage V and resistance R, through which current I is flowing. (b) Boiling process is also an isothermal operation. At inversion temperature Ti, the the Joule Thomson coefficient μ = 0, i.e., the gas neither heated nor cooled. It is definite in quantity and expressed in kJ mol-1.

When microscopic properties have definite value, the conditions of existence of the system is known as state of system. (iii) Isolated system The system in which neither energy nor matter can be exchanged with the surroundings.

According to Kelvin, it is impossible to derive a continuous supply of work by cooling a body to a temperature lower than that of the coldest of its surroundings.
It’s a field focused on studying matter and energy in all their manifestations. Bragg’s Law of Diffraction: 2a Sin θ = nλwhere, where h is Planck’s Constant, v the frequency of radiation and ω = 2πv. (iii) Nitric oxide (NO) reacts with oxygen. • Quasi-Static Processes A. Friction can be classified to be of two kinds : Static friction and dynamic friction. (vi) Mechanical equilibrium If no mechanical work is done by one part of the system on another part of the system. where Q2 is heat absorbed from the sink, Q1 is heat rejected to source and T1 and T2 are temperatures of source and sink. In diatomic molecule, bond dissociation enthalpy = Bond enthalpy, In polyatomic molecule, bond dissociation enthalpy ≠ Bond Enthalpy, ΔH = [sum of bond enthalpies of reactants] – [sum of bond enthalpies of products]. Here are some of the formulas related to the very basics of quantum physics, that you may require frequently. i.e.. heat from hot body and convert it completely into work without leaving any change anywhere i.e., 100% conversion of heat into work is impossible.

The work done by the thermodynamic system is equal to the area under P-V diagram. Change in entropy is given by dS = δQ / T. Entropy of a system never decreases, i.e., dS ≥ o. Entropy of a system increases in an irreversible process. In thermal equilibrium, the temperature of the two systems are equal. Revision Notes In adiabatic process, if gas expands, its internal energy and hence, temperature decreases and vice-versa. Here are some of the most important physics formulas and equations, associated with ideal gases. April 22, 2019. in CBSE. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. A process is a spontaneous if and only if the entropy of the universe increases.

If the lens is very thin, compared to the distances – R. , the above formula can be approximated to: The combined focal length (f) of two thin lenses, with focal length f. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. To Register Online Physics Tuitions on Vedantu.com to clear your doubts from our expert teachers and solve the problems easily to score more marks in your CBSE Class 11 Physics … • For gases, the specific heat capacity depends on the process or the conditions under which heat capacity transfer takes place. To get fastest exam alerts and government job alerts in India, join our Telegram channel.

CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes : Thermodynamics. i.e., – 2.303 log p2 / p1 = ΔHv / R (T2 – T1 / T1 T2). This effect is zero when an ideal gas expands in vacuum. fuel is burnt inside the main body of the engine. Kelvin-Planck Statement: It is impossible to construct an engine, operating in a cycle, to extract Thermodynamics is concerned with the work done by a system and the heat it exchanges with its surroundings. Here is the lens maker’s formula, which can help you calculate the focal length of a lens, from its physical parameters. U = Ek + Ep Here are some formulas related to electricity.
April 22, 2019. in CBSE. When a system expands adiabatically, work done is positive and hence internal energy decrease, i.e., the system cools down and vice-versa. To find out more about these elements, read on... Our site includes quite a bit of content, so if you're having an issue finding what you're looking for, go on ahead and use that search feature there! (ii) Internal Combustion Engine In this engine. Share on Facebook Share on Twitter. The branch of physics which deals with the study of transformation of heat energy into other forms of energy and vice-versa. Here are the most important formulas related to capacitors. p- V curve is a straight line parallel to volume axis. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. (a) Melting process is an isothermal change, because temperature of a substance remains constant during melting. Like U. absolute value of H also cannot be known, ΔH is determined experimentally. This law was formulated by Nernst in 1906. Every branch of physics theory abounds with countless formulas. Enthalpy of neutralisation of strong acid and strong base is always constant, i.e., 57.1 kJ. The efficiency of a heat engine in a Carnot cycle. Limitations of ΔS criterion and need for another term We cannot find entropy change of surroundings during chemical changes. Adiabatic processes are very fast processes. The net work done per cycle by the engine is numerically equal to the area of the loop representing the Carnot’s cycle . This law states “The product of specific heat and molar mass of any metallic element is equal to 6.4 cal/ mol/ °C. Lorentz Force The Lorentz force is the force exerted by an electric and/or magnetic field on a charged particle. nth Bright ring formula: r2n = (n + ½) Rλ. 1 / f = [n-1][(1 / R1) – (1 / R2) + (n-1) d / nR1R2)]. All CBSE Notes for Class 11 Chemistry Maths Notes Physics Notes Biology Notes. The phenomenon of cooling of a gas when it is made to expand adiabatically from a region of high pressure to a region of extremely. It is an imaginary cycle which demonstrates the maximum conversion of heat into work. where, λ- De Broglie Wavelength, h – Planck’s Constant, p is momentum of the particle. Thermodynamics Class 11 Notes Physics Chapter 12 • The branch of physics which deals with the study of transformation of heat into other forms of energy and vice-versa is called thermodynamics. dQ = dU + dW

Ohm’s law gives a relation between the voltage applied a current flowing across a solid conductor: V (Voltage) = I (Current) x R (Resistance).

Equilibrium is acquired eventually with time. Properties of the system which are dependent on the quantity of matter are called extensive properties, e.g., internal energy, volume, enthalpy, etc.

Our physics formulas list is aimed at helping you out in solving problems. The equation of state represents the connection between the state variables of a system.

To get fastest exam alerts and government job alerts in India, join our Telegram channel. Here, P is pressure, N is the number of molecules and v2 is the mean squared particle velocity. (iv) Thermodynamic equilibrium A system in which the macroscopic properties do not undergo any change with time is called thermodynamic equilibrium. The formula for angular momentum (J) is given by: J = r x pwhere J denotes angular momentum, r is radius vector and p is linear momentum. Any process in which the thermodynamic variables of a thermodynamic system change is known as thermodynamic process. Angular momentum is an analogous quantity to linear momentum in which the body is undergoing rotational motion. Here are some of the most important formulas associated with classical thermodynamics and statistical physics. where Ti and Tf are initial and final temperatures. molecular constitution of matter.

Its absolute value cannot be determined but experimentally change in internal energy (Δ) can be determined by, For exothermic process, ΔU = -ve, whereas for endothermic process ΔU = +ve. It’s a field focused on studying matter and energy in all their manifestations. It is a extensive property and state function. (i) External Combustion Engine In this engine fuel is burnt a chamber outside the main body of the engine. There is no way you can run away from it.

The coefficient of performance is given by • Internal energy of a system is a macroscopic variable and it depends only on the state of the system. Download revision notes for Thermodynamics class 11 Notes Physics and score high in exams. Reading Time: 8min read 0. It is the enthalpy change that accompanies conversion of one mole of liquid substance completely into vapours. A thermodynamic system is in an equilibrium state if the macroscopic variables such as pressure, volume, temperature, mass composition etc. It is a state function and extensive property. (ii) Heating of CaCO3 to give calcium oxide and CO2 is initiated by heat. Where, L is inductance and I is the current flowing through the inductor.

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