types of castles

The Palace or Royal Quarters - 14th -16th Centuries. The Basic structure of a Shell keep was a circular or semi-circular shell of stone wall with various buildings inside it. Part of the defense of the outer ward is a moat.

What sets concentric castles apart is their use of multiple layers of concentric curtain walls, as well as their typical lack of a free-standing keep. However, these buildings were still incredibly strong, with their imposing height and their thick, immovable walls. A good example of this can be seen at Krak des Chevaliers in Syria. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Norman castles also featured buttresses (a kind of architectural support built against a wall) and were often highly decorated, with curved Romanesque arches and even blind arcading on exterior walls.

Often the ditch created by excavating earth for the motte was used as a defensive moat. The design of the concentric castle offered distinct defensive advantages. Learn how your comment data is processed. Another notable feature of these castles was the impressive thickness of the walls; some castles boasted outer walls that were up to 7 metres thick, making them almost impossible to breach until the later invention of more powerful siege engines. But they were a natural extension of the traditional fortress castle and many of the fortress style castles were transformed and upgraded into palaces and living quarters.

During my travels I was fascinated by the history and beauty of castles and I created this space to share my passion with you. Then in later centuries it would be expanded into a shell keep and even later it could be further improved and developed into a concentric type castle. Crusader Castles & Concentric Castles Evolution of design due to lessons learned in the Levant. It is an expression of a very important technique in defense - that of concentric lines of defense. Occasionally an additional protective wall was constructed around the base of the motte. Northern Europe was slower than the East to develop defensive structures and it was not until the Bronze Age that hill forts were developed, which then proliferated across Europe in the Iron Age. amzn_assoc_search_bar = "true"; Sometimes a Motte and Bailey was upgraded into a stone shell keep. A moat often encircled the entire castle, providing another obstacle for the attackers to overcome. Some other important developments in castles were the change from very square blocky buildings to round buildings (particularly towers) Round towers were much stronger and able to resist attack better and a defender looking out the window of a round tower was able to see more. Access from the bailey to the motte typically took the form of a bridge, or steps cut into the motte itself. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Edward I built a series of highly impressive concentric castles in Wales, such as Beaumaris and Caerphilly, during his conquest of the country. The Land Walls of Theodosius at Constantinople, built in the 4th-5th century, is a spectacular example of an early double-layered concentric curtain wall defence. Restormel Castle in England is a fine example of this type of castle. The walls of these castles could not so easily be undermined either, so could be built far thinner and lighter than the massively thick walls of rectangular stone keeps.

Concentric castles generally developed in the 12th and 13th centuries, although there are a handful of earlier examples. On top of the motte usually sat a keep. The size of the motte itself dictated the size of the fortification that could be built on top of it: a small motte would only be able to support a relatively simple wooden keep, but a large earth mound could hold a heavier stone building. And, the builders of castles, because of centuries of experience, designed castles that were more effective. Motte-and-Bailey. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. A castle could almost be like a living thing where an early motte and bailey site was torn down and a keep was built on it.

And many Fortresses that were still standing were also re habilitated and re purposed as living quarters. A simple motte and wooden keep could be constructed in a matter of months, whereas a large earth mound and stone keep could take more than a decade to build. Motte and Bailey Castles. And it is believed that there were as many as 500 of them just in Great Britain.

Larger keeps could be divided into many smaller rooms and would contain bedrooms, kitchens and halls, as well as other luxuries. These easy-to-build fortifications were popular in the 10th and 11th centuries across Europe, but eventually gave way to stone keep castles, which centred around far larger free-standing stone keeps, typically with a rectangular floor plan and extremely thick walls. The Rectangular Keep ( also called a donjon or dungeon) 11th and 12th Centuries.

In effect it is a keep surrounded by a wall which in turn is surrounded by another wall.

Here we look at castles around the world. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. These decorative elements suggest that one of the main functions of the keep was to impress visitors – the White Keep in the Tower of London and Norwich castle are examples of keeps built by the Normans to exert their influence over their new English subjects and make a political statement. However, castles were still relevant as a status symbol – a way of demonstrating wealth, strength and power to the rest of the world. And they were often surrounded by some kind of a curtain wall like the bailey was. Only powerful military orders in the Crusader States, such as the Templars and Hospitallers (who built Belvoir Castle in modern-day Israel), or great kings, could muster the resources to construct such ambitious fortifications. NEVER MISS A POST amzn_assoc_size = "160x600";

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